satellites
Space technology encompasses a range of advanced systems and equipment used for operations in outer space. This includes spacecraft like satellites and space stations, as well as orbital launch vehicles and in-space propulsion systems. Key applications rely on these technologies, such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, and satellite communication, which are essential for various terrestrial services. Additionally, space technology supports scientific fields like astronomy and Earth science and often leads to technological innovations that benefit other industries.
Forecasting natural disasters: Natural disasters, which cause significant loss of life and economic damage, could be better managed through timely forecasting. ESA Discovery has supported global research to use satellite data for predicting and responding to these events, including combining Earth observation with advanced computing technologies. Studies have focused on monitoring droughts, tectonic activity, and improving response through real-time satellite services. This approach aims to enhance forecasting accuracy and decision-making during disasters.
Monitoring marine litter: Approximately 13 million tons of plastic enter the oceans annually, with some floating on the surface and impacting wildlife, coastlines, and the food chain. Monitoring this plastic from Earth’s surface is challenging due to the vastness of the oceans. However, remote sensing, including satellite technology, offers a promising solution by providing valuable data on ocean currents and large-scale plastic concentrations.
Enabling autonomous shipping: Autonomous shipping, akin to driverless cars, promises to reduce costs, improve safety, and address crew shortages, but requires precise and reliable navigation systems. Discovery has supported studies to enhance satellite navigation for autonomous ships, including integrating satellite systems with land-based data to improve accuracy and developing anti-collision systems using ESA’s Galileo and EGNOS. Research includes evaluating autonomous shipping in challenging conditions like sea ice, enhancing vessel awareness, and integrating Earth observation with navigation data to ensure safe and effective maritime operations.